APA Handbook of Clinical Psychology

The 5-volume APA Handbook of Clinical Psychology reflects the state-of-the-art in clinical psychology — science, practice, research, and training.

The Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of: the history of clinical psychology, specialties and settings, theoretical and research approaches, assessment, treatment and prevention, psychological disorders, health and relational disorders, health promotion, educational paths, psychologists' development, ethics and standards, professional organizations, and future directions of clinical psychology.

With content incorporating the editorial board's commitment to the themes of diversity, evidence-based practices, and international contributions, this addition to the APA Handbooks in Psychology ® series will be an essential resource for students, researchers, educators, and practitioners.

Volume 1. Roots and Branches

About the Editors-in-Chief

Introduction to the Handbook

I. History

1. Early History of Clinical Psychology (1896–1949)
   Ingrid G. Ferreras
2. History of Clinical Psychology Following World War II
   Ingrid G. Farreras, Donald K. Routh, and Robin L. Cautin

II. Specialties

1. Infant Mental Health
   Joy D. Osofsky
2. Clinical Child Psychology
   Alan Carr
3. Pediatric Psychology
   Anne E. Kazak, Erica Sood, and Michael C. Roberts
4. Adolescent Clinical Psychology
   John E. Lochman, Caroline Boxmeyer, and Nicole Powell
5. Emerging Adult Clinical Psychology
   Jennifer L. Tanner and Jeffrey J. Arnett
6. Adult Clinical Psychology
   Thomas G. Plante and Lori G. Plante
7. Clinical Geropsychology
   Gregory A. Hinrichsen
8. Family Psychology
   Mark Stanton, Thomas L. Sexton, and Susan H. McDaniel
9. Community-Clinical Psychology
   Leonard A. Jason and Darrin M. Aase
10. Clinical Health Psychology
    Timothy W. Smith, Paula G. Williams, and John M. Ruiz
11. Clinical Neuropsychology
    Robert J. Spencer and Kenneth M. Adams
12. Forensic Psychology
    Ronald Roesch and Patricia A. Zapf
13. Prescribing Psychology and Pharmacotherapy
    Morgan T. Sammons

III. Emerging Specialties

1. Occupational Clinical Psychology
   James Campbell Quick and Cary L. Cooper
2. Clinical Sport Psychology
   Kate F. Hays and Amy Baltzell
3. Clinical Behavioral Analysis
   Gregory J. Madden, Gregory P. Hanley, Michael J. Dougher

IV. Settings

1. Elementary and Secondary Schools
   Olivia Moorehead-Slaughter and Frank C. Worrell
2. Psychiatric Hospitals
   Anthony A. Menditto, William D. Spaulding, and Richard H. Hunter
3. Outpatient Clinics
   Julianne M. Smith-Boydston and Sarah B. Kirk
4. Colleges and Universities
   Rosie Phillips Bingham and Jennifer A. Erickson Cornish
5. Veteran Affairs
   Antonette M. Zeiss, Robert A. Zeiss, and David Carroll
6. Independent Practices
   Melba J. T. Vasquez and Jennifer F. Kelly
7. General Hospitals
   Linda Maria Garcia-Shelton
8. Primary Care Settings
   James H. Bray
9. Business and Other Organizations
   Rodney L. Lowman
10. Military Settings
    W. Brad Johnson
11. Physical Rehabilitation Facilities
    Timothy R. Elliott and Erin E. Andrews
12. Addiction Treatment Settings
    Mark D. Schenker
13. Correctional Settings
    Philip R. Magaletta, Patti Butterfield, and Marc W. Patry

Volume 2. Theory and Research

I. Theoretical Approaches

1. Evolution of Theory in Clinical Psychology
   Christie Pugh Karpiak, John C. Norcross, and Danny Wedding
2. Psychoanalytic Theories
   David L. Wolitzky
3. Psychodynamic Theories
   Jacques P. Barber and Nili Solomonov
4. Behavioral Theories
   Daniel B. Fishman
5. Humanistic–Existential Theories
   Jeanne C. Watson and Kirk Schneider
6. Cognitive Theories
   Raymond DiGiuseppe, Daniel David, and Rachel Venezia
7. Interpersonal Theory
   Joshua D. Lipsitz and John C. Markowitz
8. Systemic Theories
   Thomas L. Sexton and Mark Stanton
9. Multicultural Theories
   Lillian Comas-Díaz and Laura S. Brown
10. Mindfulness and Acceptance Theories
    Victoria M. Follette and Holly Hazlett-Stevens
11. Integrative Theories
    John C. Norcross, Marvin R. Goldfried, and Danielle Arigo

II. Research Approaches

1. Qualitative Methods
   Heidi M. Levitt
2. Case Studies
   Daniel B. Fishman
3. Epidemiology
   Kathleen Ries Merikangas and Brooke Sheppard
4. Classification and Diagnosis Research
   Thomas A. Widiger and Stephanie Mullins-Sweatt
5. Test Development and Validation
   Kurt F. Geisinger
6. Single-Participant Designs
   Ruth M. Hurst and Nicole T. Jones
7. Longitudinal Designs
   Aidan G. C. Wright and Kristian E. Markon
8. Multivariate Methods
   Stewart A. Shankman and Thomas M. Olino
9. Process–Outcome Studies
   Susan Llewelyn, James Macdonald, and Katie Aafjes-van Doorn
10. Treatment Outcome Studies
    Michael J. Lambert and Benjamin M. Ogles
11. Meta-Analysis
    A.C. Del Re and Christoph Flückiger
12. Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging
    Robin Nusslock

Volume 3. Applications and Methods

I. Assessment

1. Clinical Interview
   John Sommers-Flanagan
2. Behavioral Observations and Assessment
   Randy W. Kamphaus and Bridget V. Dever
3. Psychometrics and Testing
   Thomas P. Hogan and William T. Tsushima
4. Mental Ability Assessment
   Mark Benisz, Ron Dumont, and Alan S. Kaufman
5. Personality Traits and Dynamics
   Robert F. Bornstein
6. Psychopathology Assessment
   Radhika Krishnamurthy and Gregory J. Meyer
7. Neuropsychological Assessment
   James B. Hale, Gabrielle Wilcox, and Linda A. Reddy
8. Forensic Assessment
   Eric Y. Drogin and Jhilam Biswas
9. Vocational and Interest Assessment
   Nadya A. Fouad and Jane L. Swanson
10. Couple and Family Assessment
    Douglas K. Snyder, Richard E. Heyman, Stephen N. Haynes, Cindy L. Carlson, and Christina Balderama-Durbin
11. Health Psychology Assessment
    Ronald H. Rozensky, Deidre B. Pereira, and Nicole E. Whitehead
12. Case Formulation and Treatment Planning
    Barbara L. Ingram
13. Assessment With Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Special Populations
    Lisa A. Suzuki and Leo Wilton

II. Treatment

1. Individual Psychotherapy
   Irving B. Weiner
2. Group Psychotherapy
   Gerald Corey and Marianne Schneider Corey
3. Couple Therapy
   Anthony L. Chambers, Alexandra H. Solomon, and Alan S. Gurman
4. Family Therapy
   Jay L. Lebow and Catherine B. Stroud
5. Psychopharmacological Therapy
   Morgan T. Sammons
6. Biomedical Treatments
   Richard N. Gevirtz, Omar M. Alhassoon, and Brian P. Miller
7. Crisis Interventions
   Richard K. James
8. Community Intervention
   Edison J. Trickett and Dina Birman
9. Self-Help Programs
   Forrest Scogin and Elizabeth A. DiNapoli
10. Positive Psychological Interventions
    Acacia C. Parks and Kristin Layous
11. Telepsychology and eHealth
    Heleen Riper and Pim J. Cuijpers

III. Prevention

1. Prevention of Mental Disorders
   J. Gayle Beck and Meghan W. Cody
2. Prevention of Substance Abuse
   Gilbert J. Botvin and Kenneth W. Griffin
3. Prevention of Interpersonal Violence
   Sherry Hamby, Victoria Banyard, and John Grych

IV. Other Professional Activities

1. Consultation
   Richard R. Kilburg
2. Administration
   Jane S. Halonen
3. Teaching
   Kathi A. Borden and E. John McIlvried
4. Advocacy
   Brian N. Baird and Michael J. Sullivan
5. Public Policy
   Stephanie A. Reid-Arndt, Sandra Wilkniss, Patrick H. DeLeon, and Robert G. Frank

Volume 4. Psychopathology and Health

I. Diagnosis and Classification

1. Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders
   Geoffrey M. Reed, Rebeca Robles, and Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez

II. Psychological Disorders

1. Mood Disorders
   Robert J. DeRubeis, Daniel R. Strunk, and Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
2. Anxiety Disorders
   Dean McKay
3. Stress and Trauma Disorders
   Nnamdi Pole, Laurie Fields, and Wendy D'Andrea
4. Child and Adolescent Disorders
   Theodore P. Beauchaine and Elizabeth P. Hayden
5. Personality Disorders
   Kenneth N. Levy and Benjamin N. Johnson
6. Somatic Disorders
   Donald D. McGeary, Meredith M. Hartzell, Cindy A. McGeary, and Robert J. Gatchel
7. Schizophrenia Disorders
   Kim T. Mueser and David Roe
8. Neurocognitive Disorders
   Mary Guerriero Austrom, Courtney B. Johnson, Daniel F. Rexroth, and Frederick W. Unverzagt

III. Health and Relational Disorders

1. Eating Disorders
   Eric Stice, Paul Rohde, and Heather Shaw
2. Substance Use Disorders
   Peter E. Nathan, Joan E. Zweben, and Richard A. Rawson
3. Gambling and Impulse Control Disorders
   Nancy M. Petry, Leonardo F. Andrade, Sheila M. Alessi, and Carla J. Rash
4. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
   Johannes Rojahn, Kristen Medeiros, and Cristan A. Farmer
5. Sleep Disorders
   Rachel Manber, Allison Siebern, Norah Simpson, and Britney Blair
6. Sexual Disorders
   Peggy J. Kleinplatz
7. Gender Dysphoria
   Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis and Thomas D. Steensma
8. Family and Relational Disorders
   Jacob Z. Goldsmith, William M. Pinsof, Jay L. Lebow, and Anthony L. Chambers
9. Health Problems
   Ronald H. Rozensky, Steven M. Tovian, and Carol D. Goodheart

IV. Promoting Health

1. Problem Solving
   Arthur M. Nezu and Christine Maguth Nezu
2. Stress Management
   Sharon Glazer and Courtney E. Gasser
3. Coping With Life Transitions
   Thomas W. Miller
4. Parent Training
   Christie Pugh Karpiak and Thomas J. Dishion
5. Resilience Interventions
   Mary Karapetian Alvord, Brendan A. Rich, and Lisa H. Berghorst
6. Weight Loss and Exercise
   Craig A. Johnson, Jennette P. Moreno, and John P. Foreyt
7. Smoking Cessation
   Deborah M. Scharf, Stuart G. Ferguson, Hilary Tindle, and Saul Shiffman
8. Improving Adherance to Health Regimens
   Summer L. Williams, Kelly B. Haskard-Zolnierek, and M. Robin DiMatteo
9. Coping With Death and Dying
   Camille B. Wortman
10. Promoting Diversity and Inclusiveness
    John F. Dovidio, Louis A. Penner, and John E. Pachankis
11. Coping With Disasters
    Roxane Cohen Silver and Dana Rose Garfin

Volume 5. Education and Profession

I. Educational Paths

1. Undergraduate Exposure to Clinical Psychology
   Janet R. Matthews and Catherine M. Lee
2. Master's Training in Clinical Psychology
   Andrew M. Pomerantz and Jason M. Murphy
3. PhD Training in Clinical Psychology
   Elizabeth A. Klonoff
4. PsyD Training in Clinical Psychology
   George Stricker
5. Internship Training in Clinical Psychology
   Carol Webb and Allison B. Hill
6. Postdoctoral Training in Clinical Psychology
   Robert L. Hatcher and Henry A. Buchtel
7. Licensing in Psychology
   Alex M. Siegel and Stephen T. DeMers
8. Advanced Credentialing in Clinical Psychology
   Judy E. Hall and David R. Cox
9. Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning
   Jennifer M. Taylor and Greg J. Neimeyer
10. Interprofessional Education and Training
    Cynthia D. Belar
11. Educational Paths Around the World
    Ingrid Lunt and Judy E. Hall

II. Developing the Psychologist

1. Clinical Supervision
   Edward P. Shafranske and Carol A. Falender
2. Peer Supervision and Support
   Sheetal Shah and Emil Rodolfa
3. Self-Care for Psychologists
   Erica H. Wise and Jeffrey E. Barnett
4. Professional Development and Personal Therapy
   Michael Helge Rønnestad, David E. Orlinsky, and Hadas Wiseman
5. Building and Managing a Private Practice
   Steven Walfish, Jeffrey Zimmerman, and Katherine C. Nordal
6. Learning From Practice and Patients
   Jacqueline B. Persons, Janie J. Hong, Polina Eidelman, and Daniela J. Owen
7. Learning From Research
   James F. Boswell and R. Kathryn McHugh
8. Career Development for Psychologists
   John C. Linton

III. Ethics and Standards

1. Professional Ethics in the United States
   Gerald P. Koocher and Linda F. Campbell
2. Professional Ethics Around the World
   Mark M. Leach
3. Professional Standards and Guidelines
   Lynn F. Bufka and Raquel Halfond
4. Legal and Statutory Regulations
   Stephen T. DeMers and Alex M. Siegel
5. Malpractice and Risk Management
   Jeffrey N. Younggren, Eric A. Harris, and Jana N. Martin
6. Major Training Conferences in Clinical Psychology
   Catherine L. Grus

IV. Professional Organizations

1. Professional Organizations in Clinical Psychology
   Gary R. VandenBos, Michi Fu, and Jennifer F. Kelly
2. Related Subfields in Psychology
   Elena J. Eisman and Caroline Vaile Wright
3. Related Mental Health Professions
   Thyra A. Fossum, Mary E. Logeais, and William N. Robiner

V. Future of Clinical Psychology

1. Recent Developments and Future Directions in Clinical Psychology
   John C. Norcross, Gary R. VandenBos, and Donald K. Freedheim

John C. Norcross, PhD, ABPP, is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of Scranton, Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry at State University of New York Upstate Medical University, and a board-certified clinical psychologist.

Author of more than 400 scholarly publications, Dr. Norcross has cowritten or edited 22 books, most of them in multiple editions. These include the APA books History of Psychotherapy, Continuity and Change, Second Edition and Evidence-Based Practices in Mental Health: Debate and Dialogue on the Fundamental Questions as well as Psychotherapy Relationships That Work, Psychologists' Desk Reference, Self-Help That Works, Leaving It at the Office: Psychotherapist Self-Care, the Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology, and Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis, now in its 8th edition. He has also published two self-help books: Changeology and Changing for Good (with Prochaska and DiClemente).

Dr. Norcross has served as president of the APA Division 12 (Society of Clinical Psychology), APA Division 29 (Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy), the International Society of Clinical Psychology, and the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration. He has served on the Board of Directors of the National Register of Health Service Psychologists as well as on APA's governing Council of Representatives.

Dr. Norcross edited the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session for a decade and has been on the editorial boards of a dozen journals.

Dr. Norcross has also been a clinical and research consultant to a number of organizations, including the National Institutes of Health and pharmaceutical companies. He has received multiple professional awards, such as APA's Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology award, Pennsylvania Professor of the Year from the Carnegie Foundation, the Rosalee Weiss Award from the American Psychological Foundation, and election to the National Academies of Practice.

An engaging teacher and clinician, Dr. Norcross has conducted workshops and lectures in 30 countries. He lives in northeastern Pennsylvania with his wife, two grown children, and their two new grandkids.

Gary VandenBos, PhD, ABPP, served as the Executive Director for the Office of Publications and Databases and Publisher for APA. The Office of Publications and Databases produces more than 90 journals, seven databases, and 80 books per year (under the imprints APA Books, Magination Press, and APA LifeTools). In addition, the Office of Publications and Databases produces the APA Psychotherapy Video Series and the APA Style and reference publications and products, including the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association .

In the publishing industry, Dr. VandenBos has served on the Board of Directors of CrossRef (2000–2015) and the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers (2007–2010).

Dr. VandenBos has coauthored, edited, or coedited more than 30 books, including the History of Psychotherapy, Continuity and Change, Second Edition , Clinical Geropsychology , and the award-winning Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: Treatment of Choice. He has also written more than 40 book chapters; and published more than 100 peer-reviewed articles. He is the editor-in-chief of the award-winning APA Dictionary of Psychology, Second Edition and APA Dictionary of Clinical Psychology and was the managing editor of the American Psychologist , APA's flagship journal, and Psychological Services , as well as coeditor for APA's first open-methodology, collaborative data-sharing, open access journal, the Archives of Scientific Psychology.

Dr. VandenBos began his career as the research coordinator of the Michigan State Psychotherapy With Schizophrenics Research Project; he then served as the director of the Howell-Area Community Mental Health Center in Howell, Michigan. He was the first director of the APA Office of National Policy Studies. He held a position as professor of clinical psychology at the University of Bergen (Norway) from 1982 through 2013.

Dr. VandenBos has maintained a clinical practice since 1974, during which time he has also functioned as a consultant to various professional organizations on subjects such as crisis intervention, child abuse, family stress, schizophrenia, and violent individuals. He received the Early Career Award for Contribution to Psychotherapy from APA Division 29 (Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy) and is an APA fellow and a diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Psychology.

Donald K. Freedheim, PhD is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Case Western Reserve University. He earned his doctoral degree at Duke University and completed his internship at Boston Children's Medical Center. He was chief psychologist at the Mental Development Center at Case Western Reserve University before joining the department full-time in 1970. He was a visiting professor at Tel Aviv University in 1975–1976. He is past president of APA Division 29 (Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy), and served on the APA Council of Representatives and the Board of Directors.

In 1992, Dr. Freedheim edited the first edition of History of Psychotherapy: A Century of Change in honor of the APA centennial and was coeditor (with Norcross and VandenBos) of the second edition (2011). He and the current coeditors originated the popular APA Psychotherapy Video Series, and he was the therapist for the recent release, Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy.

Dr. Freedheim also edited the first and second editions of History of Psychology and the first volume of the Handbook of Psychology (2003 and 2013) and also coedited The Clinical Child Documentation Sourcebook (1999). For 10 years, he edited the journal Psychotherapy and was the founding editor of The Clinical Psychologist, the bulletin of APA Division 12 (Society of Clinical Psychology), and of the APA journal Professional Psychology.

He served as president of the Cleveland and Ohio Psychological Associations and is a Distinguished Practitioner of the National Academies of Practice. Currently, Dr. Freedheim serves on the Trauma Response Team of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Red Cross.

There are now many handbooks of clinical psychology…A few distinct features make the APA volumes stand out from the pack. First, there is the remarkable coverage…Second, the organization, structure, and strong editorial leadership bring a uniformity that goes beyond format and style. Interchapter consistency gives the overall product a level of excellence that rises well above the competitors with which I am familiar. Finally, the set has the imprimatur and reflects the huge influence of the APA.
—PsycCRITIQUES